Brinell scale is defined with ISO standards.
A 10-millimeter diameter steel ball with a definite force (depending on the density of the material) is pressed against the surface of the selected timber; we then use a microscope to measure the indentation in the wood. The hardness of the wood according to Brinell scale is calculated by dividing the weight, putting the pressure against the wood, with a measured indentation.
The results of hardness are only stated in approximate values. Actual values change according to the tree growth and the method of timber cutting (tree-ring position).
The level of colour change – colour scale for individual type of wood: 1 = high level of even distribution of colour, 2 = medium level of colour diversity, 3 = high level of colour diversity, 4 = extremely high level of colour diversity, U = unknown
The speed of colour change – the change of colour that occurs in the wood after sun exposure (UV) or oxidation without sun exposure. The changes occur in all types of wood, some types are more, and the others are less susceptible to change. Bright and dark wood which is exposed to the sun becomes darker: 1 = small colour changes, 2 = medium colour changes, 3 = high colour changes, 4 = big colour changes, U = unknown
The picture shows the colour change in prefabricated 2-layer Doussie parquet exposed to sunlight. Around 14 days have passed since the parquet was installed; the picture shows the parquet taking on a darker shade.
Water underfloor heating
+ appropriate, ++ highly appropriate, +++ the most appropriate
|
Tree species |
Hardness according to Brinell |
The level of colour change |
The speed of colour change |
Water underfloor heating |
|
Afrormosia |
3,7 |
2 |
3 |
++ |
|
Acacia/Robinia |
3,7 |
– |
– |
+ |
|
Badi/Aloma |
5,4 |
3 |
3 |
+++ |
|
Bamboo bright-dark |
2,5 – 4.0 |
2 |
2 |
++ |
|
Bangkirai |
4,2 |
– |
– |
– |
|
Pine/Black pine |
1,6 |
2 |
3 |
– |
|
Elm |
3,9 |
3 |
3 |
+++ |
|
Birch |
2,7 |
3 |
2 |
+++ |
|
Bubinga /African rosewood |
5 |
1 |
2 |
++ |
|
Beech steamed |
4 |
2 |
2 |
+ |
|
Beech |
3,8 |
2 |
2 |
+ |
|
Cabreuva/Santos mahogany |
4,5 |
2,5 |
2 |
++ |
|
Cumaru/Brazilian teak |
5,9 |
3 |
4 |
++ |
|
Cherry/Black cherry |
3,6 |
3 |
4 |
+++ |
|
Cherry tree, European |
3,5 |
3 |
3 |
+++ |
|
Black birch |
2,5 |
3 |
2 |
– |
|
Doussie/Apa/Afzelia |
4,3 |
2,5 |
3 |
+++ |
|
Hornmbeam/White hornbeam |
3 |
– |
– |
++ |
|
Hevea/Rubberwood |
4,3 |
– |
– |
+++ |
|
Oak, red |
3,8 |
2 |
2 |
++ |
|
Oak |
3,7 |
3 |
3 |
++ |
|
Pear |
2,4 |
3 |
3 |
++ |
|
Iroko/Kambala |
3,5 |
2 |
3,5 |
+++ |
|
Apple tree |
4 |
3 |
3 |
++ |
|
Jatoba /Brazilian cherry |
4,7 |
3 |
4 |
+ |
|
Maple, European |
3,2 |
2 |
2 |
++ |
|
Maple, Canadian |
4,2 |
2 |
2 |
+ |
|
Maple, Asian |
3,8 |
– |
– |
++ |
|
Alder |
2,1 |
3 |
2 |
++ |
|
Ash |
3,7 |
4 |
2 |
++ |
|
Ash, Asian |
3,9 |
3 |
2 |
++ |
|
Kempas(Koompassia malaccensis) |
4,5 |
3 |
U |
+ |
|
Chestnut |
2,3 |
2,5 |
2,5 |
++ |
|
Ipe/Brazilian walnut |
5,8 |
3,5 |
3 |
++ |
|
Larch |
2,3 |
3 |
3 |
+++ |
|
Mahogany |
3,1 |
2,5 |
3,5 |
+++ |
|
Merbau |
4,1 |
3 |
2,5 |
+++ |
|
Mutenye |
4,8 |
3 |
2,5 |
++ |
|
Massaranduba |
5,7 |
– |
– |
– |
|
Olive tree |
5,9 |
2 |
2 |
+ |
|
Walnut, American |
3,5 |
3 |
3 |
+++ |
|
Walnut, European |
3,6 |
3 |
3 |
++ |
|
Padouk/Burma rosewood |
4,4 |
2 |
4 |
+++ |
|
Panga panga |
4,4 |
2 |
2 |
++ |
|
Palisander |
4,5 |
– |
– |
– |
|
Pynkado/Ironwood |
4,9 |
– |
– |
+ |
|
Sappeli |
3,7 |
2,5 |
3,5 |
+++ |
|
Siris black |
4 |
– |
– |
– |
|
Spruce/fir |
1,3 |
2 |
2 |
+++ |
|
Sucupira/Escura |
4,1 |
2 |
2 |
++ |
|
Tauari |
4 |
– |
– |
++ |
|
Tiger wood |
4,1 |
4 |
3 |
++ |
|
Teak |
4,5 |
3 |
4 |
+++ |
|
Tali |
6,2 |
– |
– |
++ |
|
Zebrawood/Zebrano |
4 |
4 |
2,5 |
++ |
|
Zebreli/White |
4 |
– |
– |
– |
|
Wenge |
4,2 |
1 |
3 |
++ |